A2sentence structure
Clauses
Learn independent and dependent clauses, relative clauses, and clause types in English.
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CEFR Level
C1 — Advanced
Advanced English grammar lessons.
21 Lessons available
Grammar Lessons
C1sentence structure
Advanced Inversion
Master all types of inversion — after negative adverbials, with conditionals, and for emphasis.
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C1sentence structure
Cleft Sentences
Use it-clefts and wh-clefts to emphasise specific parts of a sentence in formal writing.
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C1sentence structure
Ellipsis and Substitution
Avoid repetition using ellipsis and substitution — key cohesion devices in advanced English.
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C1sentence structure
Advanced Fronting
Front elements of a sentence for emphasis and stylistic effect in spoken and written English.
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C1sentence structure
Formal and Informal Register
Distinguish and switch between formal and informal register appropriately in different contexts.
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C1sentence structure
Nominalisation
Convert verbs and adjectives into nouns to create formal, academic, and professional writing style.
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C1sentence structure
Hedging Language
Use hedging verbs, modal expressions, and phrases to express caution and uncertainty in academic writing.
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C1sentence structure
Advanced Cohesion Devices
Use a full range of cohesion devices — reference, substitution, ellipsis, and lexical chains.
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C1sentence structure
Discourse Management
Manage extended discourse with signposting, topic management, and coherent paragraph organisation.
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C1sentence structure
Emphasis Structures
Use do-inversion, clefts, fronting, and intensifiers to create emphasis in C1-level English.
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C1sentence structure
Complex Sentence Patterns
Combine multiple clauses and phrases to produce complex, varied sentence structures.
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C1sentence structure
Advanced Concession Structures
Express concession using however, nevertheless, yet, while, and despite the fact that in formal contexts.
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C1modals
Nuanced Modal Meanings
Understand subtle distinctions between modal verbs — permission, ability, deduction, and volition.
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C1modals
Speculation and Deduction
Use a full range of modals and expressions to speculate about past, present, and future events.
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C1conditionals
Inversion with Conditionals
Use inverted conditional structures — were it not, had it not been, should you need — in formal English.
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C1conditionals
Advanced Conditional Patterns
Master complex conditional structures including wish, if only, and imagined past/present scenarios.
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C1clauses
Complex Participle Clauses
Use complex participle clause structures for concision in formal written and academic English.
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C1clauses
Advanced Relative Clause Reduction
Reduce and simplify relative clauses in formal contexts using participles and infinitives.
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C1direct and indirect speech
Advanced Reporting Verbs
Use a wide range of reporting verbs — argue, insist, deny, acknowledge, imply — with correct patterns.
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C1active and passive voice
Advanced Passive Reporting Structures
Use passive reporting structures — it is alleged that, she is understood to have — in formal contexts.
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