Clauses
Learn independent and dependent clauses, relative clauses, and clause types in English.
Advanced English grammar lessons.
Learn independent and dependent clauses, relative clauses, and clause types in English.
Master all types of inversion — after negative adverbials, with conditionals, and for emphasis.
Use it-clefts and wh-clefts to emphasise specific parts of a sentence in formal writing.
Avoid repetition using ellipsis and substitution — key cohesion devices in advanced English.
Front elements of a sentence for emphasis and stylistic effect in spoken and written English.
Distinguish and switch between formal and informal register appropriately in different contexts.
Convert verbs and adjectives into nouns to create formal, academic, and professional writing style.
Use hedging verbs, modal expressions, and phrases to express caution and uncertainty in academic writing.
Use a full range of cohesion devices — reference, substitution, ellipsis, and lexical chains.
Manage extended discourse with signposting, topic management, and coherent paragraph organisation.
Use do-inversion, clefts, fronting, and intensifiers to create emphasis in C1-level English.
Combine multiple clauses and phrases to produce complex, varied sentence structures.
Express concession using however, nevertheless, yet, while, and despite the fact that in formal contexts.
Understand subtle distinctions between modal verbs — permission, ability, deduction, and volition.
Use a full range of modals and expressions to speculate about past, present, and future events.
Use inverted conditional structures — were it not, had it not been, should you need — in formal English.
Master complex conditional structures including wish, if only, and imagined past/present scenarios.
Use complex participle clause structures for concision in formal written and academic English.
Reduce and simplify relative clauses in formal contexts using participles and infinitives.
Use a wide range of reporting verbs — argue, insist, deny, acknowledge, imply — with correct patterns.
Use passive reporting structures — it is alleged that, she is understood to have — in formal contexts.