A2sentence structure
Clauses
Learn independent and dependent clauses, relative clauses, and clause types in English.
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CEFR Level
B2 — Upper Intermediate
Upper-intermediate English grammar lessons.
42 Lessons available
Grammar Lessons
A2sentence structure
Phrases
Understand noun phrases, verb phrases, adverbial phrases, and how they function in sentences.
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B2sentence structure
Paraphrasing
Rewrite ideas using different words and structures while keeping the same meaning — an essential skill for academic writing.
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B2sentence structure
Describing Data
Use noun phrases, verb phrases, prepositions, and approximations to describe graphs, charts, and statistical information in English.
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A1parts of speech
Nouns
Learn naming words — common, proper, countable, uncountable, and collective nouns.
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A1parts of speech
Verbs
Understand action, stative, linking verbs and verb forms in English grammar.
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B1verbs
Phrasal Verbs
Learn phrasal verbs — verb + particle combinations like give up, look after, and turn on — and how they change meaning in English.
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B1verbs
Gerunds and Infinitives
Master when to use gerunds (-ing) and infinitives (to + verb) after verbs, adjectives, and prepositions in English.
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B1nouns
Nouns with Dependent Prepositions
Learn which prepositions follow specific nouns — like advantage of, effect on, and interest in — for accurate academic and everyday English.
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B1conjunctions
Cause and Effect Connectors
Express causes and effects using 'because', 'because of', 'as a result', 'therefore', and other cause-and-effect signals in writing and speech.
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B2phrases
Multi-Word Prepositions
Use multi-word prepositions — in addition to, as a result of, in spite of, with regard to — to combine and connect ideas in academic writing.
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B2tenses
Past Perfect Continuous
Describe actions in progress before a past point using the past perfect continuous.
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B2tenses
Future Perfect
Express actions that will be completed before a specific future point.
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B2tenses
Future Perfect Continuous
Describe the duration of an action up to a future moment.
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B2tenses
Mixed Tenses Review
Consolidate all major tenses through contrast exercises and mixed-tense analysis.
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B2tenses
Narrative Tenses
Use past simple, continuous, and perfect together to tell stories accurately.
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B1conditionals
Second Conditional
Describe imaginary or unlikely situations using if + past simple and would + infinitive.
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B2conditionals
Mixed Conditionals
Combine if-clauses from different time frames — past conditions with present results.
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B2conditionals
Advanced Second Conditional
Explore advanced and inverted uses of the second conditional structure.
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B2conditionals
Advanced Third Conditional
Deepen understanding of the third conditional and its hypothetical past uses.
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B2conditionals
Conditional Alternatives
Learn unless, provided that, as long as, supposing, and other conditional forms.
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B2modals
Modals of Deduction
Use must, can't, could, might to express certainty and deduction about events.
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B2modals
Past Modals
Master should have, could have, might have, and would have structures.
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B2modals
Advanced Obligation Modals
Distinguish must, have to, need to, ought to and their negative and past forms.
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B2modals
Probability Modals
Express degrees of probability using will, should, may, might, and could.
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B1active and passive voice
Passive Voice
Learn to form and use the passive voice across all tenses to shift focus from the doer to the action or result.
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B2active and passive voice
Passive with Reporting Verbs
Use it is said that, he is believed to, they are thought to in formal writing.
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B2active and passive voice
Passive Infinitives
Form and use passive infinitive structures — to be done, to have been done.
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B2active and passive voice
Passive Gerunds
Understand passive gerund forms — being done, having been done — and their uses.
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B2active and passive voice
Advanced Passive Structures
Master complex passive constructions across all tenses and modal forms.
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B1clauses
Relative Clauses
Use who, which, that, whose, where, and when to add information about people, things, and places.
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B2clauses
Reduced Relative Clauses
Reduce relative clauses using present and past participles for concise writing.
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B2clauses
Participle Clauses
Use present and past participle clauses to add information concisely.
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B2clauses
Advanced Relative Clauses
Master defining and non-defining relative clauses with all relative pronouns.
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B2sentence structure
Inversion After Negative Adverbials
Use inverted word order after never, rarely, not only, no sooner, and similar adverbials.
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B2sentence structure
Discourse Markers
Organise ideas and improve text cohesion using discourse markers in formal writing.
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B2sentence structure
Advanced Linking Words
Master a wide range of linking words and phrases for academic and formal English.
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B2sentence structure
Contrast and Concession
Express contrast using although, even though, despite, in spite of, whereas, and while.
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B2sentence structure
Formal Connectors
Use formal connectors and transitional phrases for academic essays and professional writing.
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B2prepositions
Prepositions After Verbs
Learn essential verb + preposition collocations — depend on, apologize for, agree with, result in, and others.
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B1prepositions
Complex Prepositions
Use multi-word prepositions — despite, because of, due to, in addition to, as a result of — in formal writing.
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B1subject verb agreement
Complex Agreement Patterns
Handle subject-verb agreement in sentences with inverted order, relative clauses, and intervening phrases.
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