Overview
Use 'unless' and 'if … not' in conditional sentences to express exceptions, warnings, and negative conditions.
Unless = If … not
- structureUnless + present simple, future simple
- meaningUnless = if … not: Unless you hurry = If you don't hurry.
- exampleUnless you study, you will fail.
- exampleI won't go unless you come with me.
Important rules
- After unless, use present simple (not 'will'): Unless you hurry …
- Unless is never used with a negative: ❌ Unless you don't study.
- Compare: unless (if not) ≠ even if (regardless)
Common Mistakes
- ❌ Unless you won't hurry. → ✅ Unless you hurry.
- ❌ Unless she doesn't study, she'll fail. → ✅ Unless she studies, she'll fail.
- ❌ Unless if you register. → ✅ Unless you register. (no 'if')
When to use
Rules & policies
Unless you have a ticket, you cannot enter.
Conditions
Unless the terms improve, we won't sign.
Academic warnings
Unless you cite sources, marks will be deducted.
Conversations
Unless you tell me, I can't help you.