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Interactive Grammar: Cause and Effect Connectors

Express causes and effects using 'because', 'because of', 'as a result', 'therefore', and other cause-and-effect signals in writing and speech.

Grammar Explanation · Authentic Examples · Practice Exercises

Lesson progressNot started

Duration

~64 min

Exercises

Level

Intermediate

Overview

Express causes and effects using 'because', 'because of', 'as a result', 'therefore', and other cause-and-effect signals in writing and speech.

Cause & effect connectors

because ofBecause of + noun: cancelled because of the storm.
due toDue to + noun: delayed due to heavy rain. (formal)
as a resultAs a result, profits fell. (result clause with semi-colon or new sentence)
thereforeCosts rose; therefore, prices increased.

Cause vs. Result

Cause → Because of / Due to: Sales fell due to reduced demand.
Result → As a result / Therefore: Costs rose; as a result, profits fell.
'Due to' and 'because of' are followed by a NOUN or -ing form.

Common Mistakes

❌ Cancelled because of it rained. → ✅ cancelled because it rained. (use 'because' + clause)
❌ Due to the high costs, therefore profits fell. → ✅ Use one connector only.
❌ He failed because of he didn't study. → ✅ failed because he didn't study.

When to use

Business reports

Sales fell due to increased competition.

News writing

The road was closed as a result of flooding.

Academic essays

Therefore, the hypothesis must be revised.

Explanations

She was absent because of illness.

Frequently Asked Questions

What does this lesson on conjunctions cover?

Express causes and effects using 'because', 'because of', 'as a result', 'therefore', and other cause-and-effect signals in writing and speech.

Which CEFR level is this lesson designed for?

This lesson is designed for Intermediate (B1) learners and forms part of the Conjunctions section on Grammartier.

What is the best approach for studying this grammar topic?

Start with the definition, then study the examples carefully to understand how the pattern works in context. Practise identifying the structure in authentic sentences before producing your own — this recognition-first approach builds a strong foundation for accurate, confident use.