Overview
Produce emphasis with the full range of native-speaker structures — clefts, fronting, do-support, inversion.
Core Emphasis Devices
- do-supportI do understand the concern. / She did warn them. (adds force)
- CleftIt was the data that proved the hypothesis. (it-cleft)
- Wh-cleftWhat struck me most was the complete absence of evidence.
- InversionNever before had the committee faced such a challenge.
Advanced Patterns
- Fronting: This proposal, I fully endorse. (object fronted)
- Appositive cleft: The one thing that matters is consistency.
- Nominal emphatic: The very idea that… / The sheer scale of…
- Intensified concession: Even the most sceptical observers agreed.
Common C2 Mistakes
- ❌ It was the data which proved it → ✅ It was the data that proved it (that in it-clefts)
- ❌ Overusing 'very' for emphasis → ✅ use cleft, fronting, or do-support instead
- ❌ Do-support without stress: I do like it must carry prosodic/orthographic emphasis
- ❌ What impressed me without subject-verb agreement: What impressed me were → ✅ was
When to use
Formal oratory
It was their resilience, not their resources, that made the difference.
Academic writing
What the findings do demonstrate is a clear causal relationship.
Opinion journalism
Never before had a policy been reversed with such speed and so little debate.
Executive communication
This strategy I wholeheartedly support — the timeline I do not.