Overview
In everyday conversation, reported speech is natural and often simplified. Common expressions: She said she couldn't come. He told me not to worry. Apparently, they're moving. I heard that the shop is closing. Backshift is often optional for recent speech, and 'that' is frequently omitted.
Everyday Reporting Patterns
- In daily conversation, reported speech is often simplified.
- No 'that'She said she was coming. (no 'that' needed)
- No backshiftHe said he can't make it. (just happened)
- Natural'Apparently she's moving.' (not 'She said she was moving.')
Common Everyday Structures
- apparentlyApparently, the café is closed today.
- according toAccording to Anna, the film was great.
- I heardI heard (that) they got married.
- they sayThey say the restaurant is excellent.
Texting & Messaging
- Very informal reporting in messages:
- Short formsShe said she'd be late.
- No backshiftHe says he can't come.
- CasualTom goes, 'No way!'
When to use
Gossip
Apparently, he's leaving the company.
Messaging
She said she'd call me back.
Casual chat
I heard they're getting married!
Social
According to Jake, the party was amazing.