Overview
An infinitive phrase consists of 'to + base verb' and any complements or modifiers. Examples: to write clearly, to have finished the report, to be understood. Infinitive phrases can function as nouns (To succeed takes effort), adjectives (a plan to improve sales), or adverbs (She studied hard to pass the exam).
What Is an Infinitive Phrase?
- structureto + base verb + complements/modifiers.
- nounTo succeed requires dedication.
- adjectiveShe has a report to finish.
- adverbHe studied hard to pass the exam.
- perfectShe claims to have finished early.
Three Functions
- nounTo leave now would be rude. (subject)
- nounShe wants to travel the world. (object)
- adjectiveHe is the first to arrive.
- adverbShe called to confirm the meeting.
- adverbHe was too tired to continue.
Common Mistakes
- ❌ She wants going → ✅ She wants to go.
- ❌ He is to going → ✅ He is going / He is to go.
- ❌ In order to not disturb → ✅ In order not to disturb.
- Split infinitives: to boldly go — acceptable in modern English.
When to use
Purpose
She left early to catch the train.
As Subject
To master grammar takes time and practice.
After Adjective
It is important to check your work.
After 'first/last'
She was the last to leave the office.