Overview
Conjunctions join words, phrases, or clauses. Coordinating conjunctions (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so — FANBOYS) join equal elements. Subordinating conjunctions (because, although, when, if, since) introduce dependent clauses. Correlative conjunctions work in pairs (both…and, either…or, neither…nor).
Coordinating (FANBOYS)
- Forreason: I left early, for I was tired.
- Andaddition: She speaks French and Spanish.
- Butcontrast: I wanted to go but I was busy.
- Or/Sochoice/result: Study or you'll fail. I studied so I passed.
Subordinating Conjunctions
- Causebecause, since, as → because I was tired
- Contrastalthough, even though, while → although it rained
- Timewhen, while, after, before, until
- Conditionif, unless, provided that, as long as
Common Mistakes
- ❌ Although it was cold, but we went out → ✅ remove but
- ❌ Despite she was tired → ✅ Despite being tired / Although she was tired
- ❌ Because of she worked hard → ✅ Because she worked hard
When to use
Adding Information
She is smart and very hardworking.
Showing Contrast
Although he studied, he failed.
Giving Reasons
I couldn't sleep because of the noise.
Sequencing Events
Call me when you arrive.